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A metal fuel jerrycan is a robust fuel container made from pressed steel. It was originally designed in Germany in the 1930s for military use and holds 20 litres
of fuel. The development of the military fuel jerrycans were a huge improvement on earlier designs, which required tools and funnels to use.

The military fuel jerrycan was invented by the Germans during a secret project ordered by Hitler. The Germans called it the Wehrmachtskanister. The Germans had thousands of military fuel jerrycans stockpiled by 1939 in anticipation of war.

In 1939, an American engineer named Paul Pleiss had built a vehicle to journey to India with his German colleague. After building the car, they realized they didn't have any
storage for emergency water. The German engineer had access to the stockpile of military fuel jerrycans at Tempelhof Airport and just managed to take three military fuel jerrycans. They drove across 11 national borders without incident until Field Marshal Goering sent a plane to take the engineer home. The German engineer compounded his treason by giving Pleiss complete specifications for the manufacture of the military fuel jerrycan.  Pleiss continued on to Calcutta, put his car in storage, and flew back to Philadelphia.

Pleiss told American military officials about the military fuel jerrycans, but they ignored him. Without a sample, he realized he couldn't get anywhere. He eventually got the car shipped to New York by a roundabout method, and sent a military fuel jerrycan to Washington. The War Department decided instead to use the WWI ten-gallon military fuel jerrycan with two screw closures, which required both a wrench and funnel for pouring.

The one American military fuel jerrycan was sent to Camp Holabird, Maryland, where it was redesigned.  It only retained the handles, size and shape. The weld was replaced with rolled seams, the lining was removed and it now required a wrench and a funnel. The original design proved far superior and these fuel containers were subsequently used in all theatres of war around the world.
 

At the beginning of the Second World War, the British Army were equipped with simple rectangular fuel containers: a 2 gallon (9 litres) container made of pressed steel and a 4 gallon (18 litres) container made from tin plate. While the 9 litre - 2 gallon containers were relatively strong, they were expensive to produce. The 18 litre - 4 gallon containers, which were mainly manufactured in the third world, were cheap and plentiful but they were not very robust. Consequently they were colloquially known as flimsies.

While adequate for transportation by road in Europe, the flimsies proved to be extremely unsatisfactory during the North African Campaign and severely hampered the operation of the British 8th Army. The transportation of fuel over rough terrain often resulted in much of the fuel being lost as the containers were easily punctured. The resultant leakages also made the transportation vehicles liable to fuel fires.

When the British Army first saw the German military fuel jerrycans during the invasion of Norway in 1940, the British immediately saw the advantages of the superior design.  The metal fuel jerrycans had three handles on them which allowed easy handling by one or two people or to be moved bucket brigade-style. The handle design also allows for two empty military fuel jerrycans to be carried in each hand.

The sides of the military fuel jerrycan were marked with cross-like indentations that strengthened the metal fuel jerrycan while allowing the contents to expand, as did an air pocket under the handles when the military fuel jerrycan was filled correctly. Rather than a screw cap, the containers used a cam lever release mechanism with a short spout secured with a snap closure and an air-pipe to the air pocket which enabled smooth pouring (which was omitted in some copies). The interior of the military fuel jerrycan was also lined with an impervious plastic, first developed for steel beer barrels that would allow the cans to be used for either water or gasoline. The military fuel jerrycan was welded, and had a gasket for a leak-proof mouth. The British used cans captured from the "Jerries" (Germans) — hence "military fuel jerrycans" — in preference to their own containers as much as possible. Later in 1940 Pleiss was in London, and British officers asked him about the design and manufacture of the metal fuel jerrycan. Pleiss ordered the second of his three military fuel jerrycans flown to London.